Comparison of the Trapezoidal Current and Stepped 2-Level Modulation Techniques in Modular DC-DC Converter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33193/IJSER.1.1.2022.38Keywords:
DC-DC converters, DC grids, dual active bridge, trapezoidal current modeAbstract
For high step-ratio connectivity in direct current (DC) grid applications, a modular (DC-DC) converter (MDCC) has been proposed. To improve the performance of the MDCC, this paper discusses a trapezoidal current modulation (TCM). Com-paring with stepped 2-level modulation where the sub-module (SM) capacitor voltages are balanced with a feedback control loop, TCM ensures the voltage balancing by applying an equal duty cycle for each SM in the high voltage stack with-out any additional feedback control. Three-level operation mode featured with large power transmission and high efficiency conversion, based on circulating current analysis and soft-switching performance is introduced. The control schemes of this operation mode is designed to minimize both the SM capacitor voltage ripples and the peak current. An analytical simulation of the MDCC is presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK to explain the operation and discuss the results.
References
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[2] A. Lesnicar and R. Marquardt, “An innovative modular multilevel converter topology suitable for a wide power range,” in 2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,, vol. 3, pp. 6–pp, IEEE, 2003.
[3] S. P. Engel, M. Stieneker, N. Soltau, S. Rabiee, H. Stagge, and R. W. De Doncker, “Comparison of the modular multilevel dc converter and the dual-active bridge converter for power conversion in hvdc and mvdc grids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 124– 137, 2014.
[4] J. D. Paez, D. Frey, J. Maneiro, S. Bacha, and P. Dworakowski, ´ “Overview of dc–dc converters dedicated to hvdc grids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 119–128, 2018.
[5] N. Denniston, A. M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, and P. N. Enjeti, “Multiplemodule high-gain high-voltage dc–dc transformers for offshore wind energy systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1877–1886, 2010.
[6] T. Luth, M. M. Merlin, T. C. Green, F. Hassan, and C. D. Barker, “High- ¨ frequency operation of a dc/ac/dc system for hvdc applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 4107–4115, 2013.
[7] J. A. Ferreira, “The multilevel modular dc converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 4460–4465, 2013.
[8] K. Filsoof and P. W. Lehn, “A bidirectional modular multilevel dc– dc converter of triangular structure,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 54–64, 2014.
[9] I. Gowaid, G. Adam, A. M. Massoud, S. Ahmed, D. Holliday, and B. Williams, “Quasi two-level operation of modular multilevel converter for use in a high-power dc transformer with dc fault isolation capability,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 108–123, 2014.
[10] R. Vidal-Albalate, J. Barahona, D. Soto-Sanchez, E. Belenguer, R. S. Pena, R. Blasco-Gimenez, and H. Z. de la Parra, “A modular multi- ˜ level dc-dc converter for hvdc grids,” in IECON 2016-42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 3141–3146, IEEE, 2016.
[11] S. Cui, N. Soltau, and R. W. De Doncker, “A high step-up ratio softswitching dc–dc converter for interconnection of mvdc and hvdc grids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 2986–3001, 2017.
[12] X. Zhang, T. C. Green, and A. Junyent-Ferre, “A new resonant modular ´ multilevel step-down dc–dc converter with inherent-balancing,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 78–88, 2014.
[13] X. Xiang, X. Zhang, G. P. Chaffey, and T. C. Green, “An isolated resonant mode modular converter with flexible modulation and variety of configurations for mvdc application,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 508–519, 2017.
[14] X. Zhang, M. Tian, X. Xiang, J. Pereda, T. C. Green, and X. Yang, “Large step ratio input-series-output-parallel chain-link dc-dc converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018.
[15] C. Pineda, J. Pereda, X. Zhang, and F. Rojas, “Triangular current mode for high step ratio modular multilevel dc-dc converter,” in 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 5185–5189, IEEE, 2018.
[16] You, Hongcheng, and Xu Cai. "Stepped 2-level operation of three-port modular DC/DC converter applied in HVDC application." IEEE Access 6 (2018): 53822-53832.
[17] G. Ortiz, H. Uemura, D. Bortis, J. W. Kolar, and O. Apeldoorn, “Modeling of soft-switching losses of igbts in high-power high-efficiency dual active-bridge dc/dc converters,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 587–597, 2012.
[18] F. Jauch and J. Biela, “Generalized modeling and optimization of a bidirectional dual active bridge dc-dc converter including frequency variation,” IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 593– 601, 2015.
[19] Pineda, C., et al. "Trapezoidal Current Mode for Bidirectional High Step Ratio Modular Multilevel dc-dc Converter." 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC). IEEE, 2019.
[20] Pineda, Cristian, et al. "Optimal ZCS Modulation for Bidirectional High-Step-Ratio Modular Multilevel DC–DC Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 36.11 (2021): 12540-12550.
[21] Pineda, Cristian, et al. "Asymmetrical triangular current mode (ATCM) for bidirectional high step ratio modular multilevel DC–DC converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35.7 (2019): 6906-6915.
[22] You, Hongcheng, and Xu Cai. "A family of un-isolated modular DC/DC converters." 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC-ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2016.
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Published
2022-09-17
How to Cite
Salih, F. A.-H., & Hassan, T. K. (2022). Comparison of the Trapezoidal Current and Stepped 2-Level Modulation Techniques in Modular DC-DC Converter. Al-Iraqia Journal for Scientific Engineering Research, 1(1), 68–76. https://doi.org/10.33193/IJSER.1.1.2022.38
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