Predicting Diabetes Mellitus with Machine Learning Techniques

Heba Ahmed Jassim; Omar R. Kadhim; Zahraa Khduair Taha; Johnny Koh Siaw Paw; Yaw Chong Tak; Tiong Sieh Kiong

doi:10.58564/IJSER.4.2.2025.315

Authors

Heba Ahmed Jassim Computer Engineering Department, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Omar R. Kadhim Network and Cybersecurity Department, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
Zahraa Khduair Taha College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
Johnny Koh Siaw Paw Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
Yaw Chong Tak Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
Tiong Sieh Kiong Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58564/IJSER.4.2.2025.315

Keywords:

AES, RSA, ECC, ChaCha20, Hybrid Algorithms and Encryption Algorithms.

Abstract

Blood sugar issues are a major health issue worldwide, with their incidence growing rapidly and affecting human health, economic systems, and societal structures. If diabetes remains untreated and undiagnosed, it can cause blood sugar levels to vary significantly, potentially damaging essential organs like the kidneys, eyes, and arteries of the heart in critical cases. As a result, there is an increasing focus on the prevention and early detection of diabetes mellitus within the medical community. Utilizing machine learning algorithms to analyze appropriate datasets for early disease prediction could prove life-saving. The objective of this paper is to examine four algorithms that are proposed to enhance the diagnosis of diabetes. This research analyzes the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms in processing datasets with minority classes. The evaluation was based on the classification report (including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score), the confusion matrix, and the ROC AUC. The Diabetes Prediction Dataset is used to evaluate four machine learning algorithms. The classifier that deserves a singular mention is the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which achieves a 97% accuracy rate. This demonstrates its capability of classifying instances that are common and less common types. The Random Forest and Decision Tree models also perform well in terms of their ability to deliver strong performance, and the outcome shows some incremental differences, suggesting their ability to manage the dataset is quite high. However, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model performs worse than all the above models at 96.36% and seems to struggle with the correct classification of less frequent instances. Therefore, it would be problematic to distinguish between classes that are prominent and those that are not. Notably, the ANN, Random Forest, and Decision Tree models effectively identify cases that are more likely to capture rare cases, an important aspect when dealing with datasets that have class imbalance.

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